Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is classified into five stages based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. The stages range from mild kidney damage to complete kidney failure, with each stage indicating a progressive loss of kidney function.

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STAGE 1

 

Kidney Damage with Normal GFR (GFR ≥ 90)

 

Description: In this stage, there is evidence of kidney damage, such as protein in the urine, but the GFR is still normal or high.

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Symptoms: Usually, there are no symptoms. The kidney damage may be detected through tests or imaging.

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Management: Focus on controlling risk factors, like blood pressure and blood sugar, to prevent further damage.

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STAGE 2

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Kidney Damage with Mild Decrease in GFR (GFR 60-89)

 

Description: There is mild reduction in kidney function along with signs of kidney damage.

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Symptoms: Often still no symptoms. Blood pressure control and lifestyle changes become more crucial.

 

Management: Continued monitoring and managing risk factors are important to slow disease progression.

 

 

 

STAGE 3

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Moderate Decrease in GFR

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Stage 3A (GFR 45-59)

Stage 3B (GFR 30-44)

 

Description: The kidneys are moderately impaired.

 

Symptoms: May include fatigue, swelling, and changes in urination. The risk of cardiovascular diseases increases.

 

Management: More intensive management of underlying conditions and symptoms. Dietary changes and medications may be necessary to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and other factors.

 

 

STAGE 4

 

Severe Decrease in GFR (GFR 15-29)

 

Description: There is a significant loss of kidney function.

 

Symptoms: Symptoms become more pronounced and may include fatigue, swelling, nausea, and changes in urination. Anemia and bone disease can also occur.

 

Management: Preparation for possible kidney replacement therapy, such as dialysis or transplantation, while managing symptoms and complications.

 

 

 

STAGE 5

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Kidney Failure (GFR < 15)

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Description: The kidneys have lost most of their ability to function.

 

Symptoms: Symptoms are severe and can include fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting and confusion. This stage is also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

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Management: Requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace lost kidney function. Palliative care may also be considered to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

 

Early detection and proper management are crucial at every stage to slow the progression of CKD and reduce the risk of complications.